How to find the center and radius of a circle given an equation

The general equation of a circle is thus in the form x² + y² + 2ex + 2fy + c = 0;

I learned it during my first semester and year in my undergraduate degree.


Let's say for example you are asked to find the centres and radii or radius of a given circle below

x² + y² - 6x - 8y + 5 = 0

Rule number 1: The coefficient of x² and y² must be 1 when determining and solving the center and radius of a circle in an equation and the 1 can be visible or invisible.

And in any given example, you must apply the general formula to the equation given to you

x² + y² - 6x - 8y + 5 = 0

x² + y² + 2ex + 2fy + 5 = 0 In this case, we have to look for the value of e and f and to do so

You have solve the equation 2ex = -6x and 2fy = -8y and to do so, we have to apply the law of transposition and division which is to divide both side of the equation by 2x and 2y to the applicable equation and if we do that. Our final value will be

e = -3 because -6 divided by 2 is -3
f = -4 because -8 divided by 2 is -4

Rule Number 2: whatever you divide by two in the equation, the final value must be positive or negative. That is to say our centre a and b are described below

How to decrypt a ciphertext without a key

As a student of information technology, I have to say cryptography that is the principle and method of encrypting and decrypting a message or text is very simple but one mistake I keep on repeating is observation.


To observe is to make sure I am fully concentrated when solving the problem at hand but with practice comes perfection and today I do it with ease. I simply didn't know how to name the post but the main purpose of this tutorial is to teach you how to decrypt an encrypted message or ciphertext using shift cipher algorithm when you don't know or have the key.

How to perform Caesar Cipher Encryption and Decryption

The Wikipedia have given the simplest explanation and example of the encryption algorithm called Caesar which is also known as the shift Cipher. However, I felt the method for encrypting and decrypting is a bit ambiguous for a non-cryptography student.


Caesar Cipher typically is a substitution cipher in which letter in an alphabet or plaintext or texts is replaced by another letter of some fixed position.


Rule of Thumb

In Caesar algorithm, counting of alphabets start from 0 to 25 and so letter A will be 0 and Z will be 25


Encryption in Caesar:

This is done by shifting all letters in the plaintext to 3 places which is equal to +3. In short, encryption is done by counting forwardly. For example

How to find the equation of a line given one point and a slope

Guess what, I am not a Math student and when I was a kid and during my teenage years. I love math but it was my biggest nightmare and the most difficult subject I was taught. I am an adult now and every day even though the subject is hard, I keep improving day after day because I want to learn and this was also necessitated by the fact I study Information Technology and so I have to do deal with computer architecture and some maths. So as the title of this post goes by, I am going to teach you how to determine and find the equation of a line given or passing through one point


Example 1: -

Let's find the equation of the line with a gradient or slope as it is generally regarded of 4 passing through a given point (3, -2)


Rule Number 1:

When solving problems in relation to slope, you have to apply the law of BODMAS sign result which is as follows


When multiplying numbers:

positive × positive = positive
negative × negative = positive
positive × negative = negative
negative × positive = negative

Rule Number 2:

When given a point for example(3, -2), always remember that the first value represent x1 and that is 3 while the second represent y1 which is 2 and so we have (x, y).


The general formula for solving this type of problem is given as


y - y1 / x - x1 = m or

y - y1
--------    = m (gradient or slope)
x - x1

And the final equation has to be in form of  a straight line which is y = mx + c


So going by the general formula, you should have

y - (-2)
---------   = 4/1 (there is an invisible one for every integer or whole number)
x - 3

= y + 2 (remember -(-2) implies -1 * -2 = 2 and so there is an invisible value of 1)
   -------- = 4/1
    x - 3

What you are going to do next is applying the law of cross multiplication and so you have the output as

1(y + 2) = 4(x - 3) which is also equal to

1y or y + 2 = 4x - 12

and so applying the rule of transposition and formulae, we have to subtract both side by 2 which will give us y + 2 - 2 = 4x - 12 - 2 and the final output and answer is

y = 4x - 14 because 2 - 2 = 0 and also -12 + -2 = -14

I finally quit watching Adult contents

To make a comparison of Pornography and smoking doesn't make much sense because I believe they  are entirely distinct and unique from each other. I have in real life how people stopped smoking but I can't tell that of watching porn because it is a habit that is difficult to quit or stop. I am no doctor or scientist to tell how hard or easy is it for you to quit porn but here's what got me to stop it.



  • Mindset: As an adult, I get to know what I am doing and how to reason as well. It got to a point where I felt it isn't worth it because it will only destroy my life and career as a student and an introvert. I wish it never happened in the first place (how I got into porn) because it is a pity if I decide to tell you. I believe in the saying your destiny is in your hands and you choose who you wish to be. So if you have an ambition and want to be successful in life, it is very easy for you to reach the conclusion to stop it but if you want to be wretched, you won't care about quitting because you think it makes you happy. Believe me, time waits for no one.